ABES et la BnF en route vers l\u27open data (L\u27)

Mémoire de fin d\u27étude du diplôme de conservateur, promotion 23, portant sur la démarche de coopération initiée par la BnF et l\u27ABES afin de faire face aux mutations engendrées par le mouvement de l\u27open data et des nouveaux usages de recherche d\u27information sur le web

Étude comparative des fonctionnalités des moteurs de recherche d'images sur Internet

International audienceLe réseau Internet offre un gisement d'images numériques considérable. La localisation de ces images passe le plus souvent par l'utilisation d'outils de recherche spécialement dédiés à la recherche d'images. Si la littérature est assez riche en ce qui concerne les outils de recherche de pages web, peu d'articles ou d'études se sont attachés jusqu'à présent à décrire le fonctionnement des outils de recherche d'images. L'objectif de cet article est donc de comparer les fonctionnalités de ces outils de recherche, en distinguant ceux qui dérivent directement d'outils de recherche de pages web de ceux qui ont été spécialement créés et développés pour la recherche d'images sur Internet

Étude comparative des fonctionnalités des moteurs de recherche d'images sur Internet

International audienceLe réseau Internet offre un gisement d'images numériques considérable. La localisation de ces images passe le plus souvent par l'utilisation d'outils de recherche spécialement dédiés à la recherche d'images. Si la littérature est assez riche en ce qui concerne les outils de recherche de pages web, peu d'articles ou d'études se sont attachés jusqu'à présent à décrire le fonctionnement des outils de recherche d'images. L'objectif de cet article est donc de comparer les fonctionnalités de ces outils de recherche, en distinguant ceux qui dérivent directement d'outils de recherche de pages web de ceux qui ont été spécialement créés et développés pour la recherche d'images sur Internet

Women and health professionals’ perspectives on a conditional cash transfer programme to improve pregnancy follow-up: a qualitative analysis of the NAITRE randomised controlled study

Objectives Women of low socioeconomic status have been described as having suboptimal prenatal care, which in turn has been associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. Many types of conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes have been developed, including programmes to improve prenatal care or smoking cessation during pregnancy, and their effects demonstrated. However, ethical critiques have included paternalism and lack of informed choice. Our objective was to determine if women and healthcare professionals (HPs) shared these concerns.Design Prospective qualitative research.Setting We included economically disadvantaged women, as defined by health insurance data, who participated in the French NAITRE randomised trial assessing a CCT programme during prenatal follow-up to improve pregnancy outcomes. The HP worked in some maternities participating in this trial.Participants 26 women, 14 who received CCT and 12 who did not, mostly unemployed (20/26), and - 7 HPs.Interventions We conducted a multicentre cross-sectional qualitative study among women and HPs who participated in the NAITRE Study to assess their views on CCT. The women were interviewed after childbirth.Results Women did not perceive CCT negatively. They did not mention feeling stigmatised. They described CCT as a significant source of aid for women with limited financial resources. HP described the CCT in less positive terms, for example, expressing concern about discussing cash transfer at their first medical consultation with women. Though they emphasised ethical concerns about the basis of the trial, they recognised the importance of evaluating CCT.Conclusions In France, a high-income country where prenatal follow-up is free, HPs were concerned that the CCT programme would change their relationship with patients and wondered if it was the best use of funding. However, women who received a cash incentive said they did not feel stigmatised and indicated that these payments helped them prepare for their baby’s birth.Trial registration number NCT0240285

Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19

BackgroundWe previously reported that impaired type I IFN activity, due to inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity or to autoantibodies against type I IFN, account for 15-20% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. Therefore, the determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 remain to be identified in similar to 80% of cases.MethodsWe report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and 1373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia. Among the 928 patients tested for autoantibodies against type I IFN, a quarter (234) were positive and were excluded.ResultsNo gene reached genome-wide significance. Under a recessive model, the most significant gene with at-risk variants was TLR7, with an OR of 27.68 (95%CI 1.5-528.7, P=1.1x10(-4)) for biochemically loss-of-function (bLOF) variants. We replicated the enrichment in rare predicted LOF (pLOF) variants at 13 influenza susceptibility loci involved in TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity (OR=3.70[95%CI 1.3-8.2], P=2.1x10(-4)). This enrichment was further strengthened by (1) adding the recently reported TYK2 and TLR7 COVID-19 loci, particularly under a recessive model (OR=19.65[95%CI 2.1-2635.4], P=3.4x10(-3)), and (2) considering as pLOF branchpoint variants with potentially strong impacts on splicing among the 15 loci (OR=4.40[9%CI 2.3-8.4], P=7.7x10(-8)). Finally, the patients with pLOF/bLOF variants at these 15 loci were significantly younger (mean age [SD]=43.3 [20.3] years) than the other patients (56.0 [17.3] years; P=1.68x10(-5)).ConclusionsRare variants of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I IFN immunity genes can underlie life-threatening COVID-19, particularly with recessive inheritance, in patients under 60 years old